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Colloquia Topics Index [link]Therapeutic Communities Index




David Burns Manuscript1

David Burns,
edited by Brent Potter

[CONTINUED]

 

Therapy With Leon Redler

During the three years of my therapy with Leon Redler, who was also most directly responsible for the communities, I absorbed or realized much of the value-system that was prevalent in the network. In the beginning we could choose couch at first and then in a few minutes lay down. Leon pointed out to me the postures I habitually assumed. Even when I was thinking I was quite relaxed, I would lie stiffly with my hands clasped on my chest and my legs crossed at the ankles. Sometimes I would bend my right leg over the left knee. I was always wrapped up and locked in. I was always clutching myself. Once he suggested that I relax, loosen up, and lie with my feet apart and my hands at my sides. I told him that I could not do it. I do not know now what I meant when I said this or how I knew it but I told him that I understood this relaxing or meditation he was asking me to try and that it was impossible for me. And I was right. When I unclenched myself and relaxed I had to sit up in panic after a couple of seconds. I had had a fantasy of being machined-gunned from the sky by jet airplanes or of the building collapsing on top of me. But this experience interested me and I was annoyed that it was impossible for me to try to relax without panicking. The posture I found so difficult is the basic resting pose in hatha yoga, the corpse posture. This session with Leon was perhaps my first yoga lesson; in any case I was moved to begin to take formal classes. I had scoffed at yoga and meditation in the past. I had laughed at one therapist when he practiced in the game room at Kingsley Hall. I had refused to join the twenty-minute meditation session that Leon tried to institute before community meetings. But I think the intensity of my reaction was an indication of my curiosity and growing involvement.

During a later period of my therapy, when Leon was becoming involved in zen, we usually sat on cushions on the floor. During this time I felt a greater freedom. Sitting on the floor was like having a rest after a walk in the woods. I could sit close to him and facing him; I could sit further away and avoid his gaze; or I could move around the room. Leon had developed a quiet non-violent manner. One day he was visited by a young man with black hair and a shaggy beard, a tall husky fellow with a dangerous reputation. He had wrecked his parents’ home and the offices of three therapists. It was his passion. And it seemed that his intention was to do the same again. He barged in and confronted Leon, swaggering and threatening, all set to do his number. But Leon, deceptively slight in build, sat down quietly on the floor and refused to respond aggressively. He all but ignored the stranger’s physical threat. The man blustered and tried to provoke Leon but he did not respond as the man expected. Instead of destroying the apartment all he did was spit at Leon and miss. At some point Leon told his secretary to call the police and inform the intruder that they were on their way. The man chose to leave before they arrived.

The apartment was quite large. It was originally shared by three therapists. Later it was used for Leon’s therapy and for the Philadelphia Association seminars. One room was for therapy. One room was a kitchen, one room housed the Philadelphia Association library, and one room, originally used for seminars, was eventually used for zen sitting. As his interest in zen grew deeper Leon invited zen masters to stay in the apartment and to sit in the meditation room. In keeping with the zen tradition of simplicity Leon did not speak of meditating or doing zazen but of sitting. We sat in the therapy room or we sat in the meditation room; the distinction between therapy and meditation began to fade.

I remember the zen masters. There were several who came and stayed at Leon’s apartment, each for a period of several weeks. One complimented me on my posture and then, typically, added that it did not mean a thing. Another loved to play a Japanese game on a board, and played with the greatest amusement and humor, like a happy child. One said that the world was his temple, that he meditated in the bathroom as well as anywhere else. Another, when asked if he had smoked hashish, replied with a grin, "Opium I know. Hashish I have not tested yet."

The sitting was not unduly severe but it was difficult. One sat for half an hour, then walked slowly for five minutes, and repeated this three more times. I could never stay for the entire two hours; one was free to leave between sittings. The group met every morning and evening for two hours. Leon was invariably present and sometimes lived in the apartment with the zen master. When a master was not there Leon would lead the sittings. He enjoyed this. He would seat himself slowly and with dignity and humor light a stick of incense. Then to signal the beginning of the meditation he would hit a gong, perhaps several times. If he felt so inclined he could make a sudden startling noise by knocking loudly with a clapper on a block of wood. If one was calmly sitting this would not disturb; it would keep one alert. Leon had fun acting as zen master.

After out therapy terminated I realized how much I had learned, how deeply I had been influenced by my relationship with Leon. He was quiet and accepting for the most part; I particularly reacted to the times he was disturbed by something I said, to the few occasions he seemed to get angry with me. Once when I was accusing myself of laziness Leon became disgusted. He told me that he rejected the concept of laziness as a useful way of understanding behavior, that he thought it served to justify a self-loathing and self-hatred. This did not make it easier to act but led to paralysis. Calling oneself lazy was an excuse for avoiding self-examination. There was always a reason for inactivity; indeed inactivity could be a good thing in itself. Leon became quite heated on this subject.

Another time he seemed to get angry was when we were looking at some of my writing; he also served as my editor. As we went through the papers I discarded some material that was intense, cryptic and actually quite well written on the grounds that I had been taking amphetamines when I wrote it. Leon would not accept this. To him writing was writing and if it had meaning it was valuable, no matter what the conditions under which it had been produced. His attitude helped me resolve a split in myself, let me integrate my personality as a whole from its dissociated parts.

Sometimes I would practice my asanas during a session. Once Leon got upset because I was holding a cigarette while attempting a forward bend. He insisted that one could not practice yoga while holding a cigarette in one hand and, of course, he was quite right. Later still he commented that I was doing the asanas in order to avoid encountering him I therapy, to avoid conversation, in effect wasting time.

Leon did not believe in acting out but he believed in feeling. He told me to feel my grief and my rage, and I have learned that whether or not I express myself in anger or tears there is a great release of inner energy when the inner barriers are relaxed when I feel my grief or feel my rage. They are part of me. Feeling them is a relaxation of tension, an inner opening, a healing.

I had learned that depression is the fusing and destruction of anger and sadness. As I had put it, "Depression comes when anger and sadness clutch each other and drown." Now I slowly came to realize that the emotions were more intense than I had described them, that they deserved more respect. I noticed that a feeling of rage was often immediately followed by a feeling of grief and vice versa. I realized that the release of these emotions could be a healing for despair. These emotions could be important as a source of hope.

In my encounter with Leon is evident a movement toward specific techniques for relieving stress or exploring one’s inner world. Zen meditation was one. Hatha yoga was another; classes were given at the community and elsewhere, and many residents practiced regularly. I myself have been taking classes and practicing ever since I overcame my initial intense resistance. It has become very important to me. Other techniques include Aikido and ta-kwon-do, oriental martial arts without the aggressive factor. Zen walking, moving through hatha yoga postures and Aikido are all forms of dance. Massage became an important part of community life at different times; one of our residents set up as a practicing giver of massage.

In fact we gradually realized that much of what is called "mental illness" is actually physical suffering, whether it be skin rashes, insomnia, vomiting, constipation, or general anxiety-tension. The schizophrenic experience is endurable and can be meaningful in a context of minimal physical stress. Thus zen and yoga have traditionally been means toward physical health and inner illumination. The therapists of the Philadelphia Association experimented with these techniques and then began to pass them on. Visiting zen masters gave zazen, B.K.S. Iyengar and his students taught hatha yoga and various herbalists and acupuncturists applied their techniques. We realized the importance of the body, of the body-mind continuum. To think of mental illness outside of its physical context seemed absurd. Thus much of the cooking at the community was vegetarian; there I received my introduction to the virtues of rice, beans, and vegetables.

We had become aware of dance, of the movement of the body; we also became aware of music. This took longer. Music was always important to us, whether listening to records, playing the flute or canting the Heart Sutra. Laing is an accomplished pianist and clavichordist. He would come visit us and play the piano, or organize a group beating of drums. At one of the last households I knew, however, the consciousness of music became intense. This was a musical household, notable for its common room containing a piano, guitars, flutes, recorders, gongs and drums, and for the number of musicians who were residents.

III. I Remember Ronnie Laing

I remember Ronnie the day I met him, the day I moved into Kingsley Hall, Good Friday, 1970. I had been invited to a special Good Friday dinner by a girl I had met there several weeks earlier. I was in the kitchen, drinking wine and slicing vegetables when persons of obvious importance began to appear. I was expecting to meet my future therapist and others of significance that evening, so I examined each new arrival carefully, looking up from my carrots whenever someone slipped into the kitchen.

Then I recognized him—how I do not know—and called out with excitement: "Excuse me, are you Doctor Laing?" But I had made a serious error of protocol, and Laing was displeased. Outside, on the streets, in the offices, in the psychological meetings he might be Dr. Laing; but within the confines of the Hall, in the sanctuary, inside the asylum, he was always Ronnie.

"Doch torr Leh eeng…" he replied with sarcasm and hostility, to the amusement of those assembled. "Who is Doch torr Leh eeng?" I was surprised, hurt and shocked into silence. During the meal which followed I got some satisfaction by using both his names whenever I addressed him, always calling him ‘Ronnie Laing’. After the meal he lit a Gauloise and put the burnt-out match on my plate. I was annoyed; but I was startled, touched and pleased when he put on top of it, making a cross, an unused match. I did not understand this. Perhaps it loosened me up, because afterwards I was able to speak to him when I encountered him in the hallway. In fact I attacked him, grabbed him not ungently by the lapels and cursed him. "Ronnie Laing, you are a fucking ass hole."

He laughed, seeming almost pleased by the physical contact, and asked, "What is a fucking ass hole?" I could only laugh too.

I remember Ronnie tiptoeing timidly through the front door of a house in the community; laughing raucously, almost braying, a parody of laughter: but good breathing; entering the room, carefully folding his jacket to sit on, in order to avoid giving pain by refusing the offer of cushions silent for ten minutes and then a gushing flow of monologue; sometimes drunk and seeming insensitive, especially when finances had to be discussed; telling tales of enchantment of the yogis and healers he had met in India; arguing violently about the availability of cotton turtleneck shirts in Oxford Street.

Once when my therapist was going on a month’s holiday, he told me he had arranged that I have a session with Ronnie. So when Ronnie was next visiting the community I found him and abruptly asked him for a meeting. He was startled and as he tried to respond to my request he began to stammer. But I remember that he looked me in the eye and stammered so calmly and carefully that neither of us was made anxious. My own stammering has never been the same since. I saw Laing once in therapy, when my regular therapist was on holiday. The event was not remarkable, except for my nervousness beforehand, and for the fact that I could hear Laing haranguing the client before me in a humorous, melodious way. This was reminiscent of my visits to the room of a very quiet, almost mute young man in the community, when I would be the only speaker.

When I went to visit Ronnie for my hour, I was so nervous that I was early and sat on a bench in the park, breathing deeply with my eyes closed, trying to calm myself. As I sat with him in a room in his home, I remember that for almost our entire time together he was massaging and cleansing the insides of his nostrils with his finger. Before going to see him I had decided to open my wallet and let him take whatever he wished, but by the end of our meeting I had forgotten this plan. But we were discussing money anyway, for some reason; I was telling him that in spite of my anxieties I did have enough money for whatever I decided to do.

When I left his home he had asked for no fee, although I had been told when I first arrived in England that he charged eighteen guineas for a consultation with an American. I soon realized that he would send me no bill, that the consultation was free, a meeting between equals. This gave me such joy that it was some weeks before I could tell anyone about our meeting without bursting into a great release of tears. This I will never forget.

During our time together I spoke at length, explaining, confiding, confessing. Due to my need to talk there was little silence between us; I wanted to tell him about myself, I wanted him to know about me, but I gave him little chance to respond. Yet I was attentive to him and he was attentive to me. I did later somewhat regret my compulsive conversation.

I felt, however, that he knew and liked me and I came to trust him. Several months later I was going through a critical change in my life. I had stopped drinking and started to practice hatha yoga and was experiencing great tension and turmoil; I was myself unstable, going through inner experience which was turbulent and full of potential meaning, yet which I was able to control to a sufficient degree that my behavior did not become bizarre. I tried to reach him on the phone and was told by his secretary to ring back in half an hour. I did so and Ronnie himself told me to ring again in half an hour. I persisted in spite of my tension and frustration and finally was able to speak with him. I told him what was happening to me. I immediately received his full attention.

I told him about the strange experiences I was having and asked him what to do. I knew he would understand and was prepared to listen to what he might say. I remember what he told me and this is what he said. Avoid such things as coffee, tea and sugar. Find yourself a space large enough to sit and to stand and to pace about and to lie down. Have in the room a supply of foods that do not have to be cooked. He told me that I should be careful who I talked to, as the experience I was having might be labeled schizophrenic. He was warm and sympathetic and eager to help me. I followed his advice, to great advantage.

I remember Ronnie visiting the community one day; we gathered and sat with him in the room of Linda, the poetess. I was sitting next to him at one point, and I picked up a piece of paper and wrote on it, "all therapy is harshan." He glanced at my words, turned the paper over and read what was written on the other side, the first draft of a poem by Linda. It began "the wind was in my head." Ronnie looked up and said "wait until the wind is in your bones."

Linda was annoyed as well because she knew that the poem Ronnie saw was not one of her best. She would never have shown it to him. She had taught me about poetry: that a good poem present a feeling or feelings purely and clearly while a bad poem is muddy and confused. So I was not offended by her annoyance.

Ronnie also said that he was planning a trip to America, for lectures and the Johnnie Carson show. I was afraid for his safety; I did not think he would return alive; I imagined he would be killed or mutilated by my own countrymen. I told him that I had experienced a sudden fantasy of plucking out his eyeballs with my thumbs. I remember how quietly he laughed.

IV. Members of the Community

Roger

Roger was musical, he was unusual and he liked to wear green. I met him on my first visit to Kingsley Hall. I should say that I encountered him, because we only caught a glimpse of each other that first day. He was a striking figure, gaunt, unkempt, unearthly, with long dark hair hanging straight, a beard that came to a point, and burning prophetic eyes. He lived in a small room with a door and a window that opened onto the neglected roof garden at the very top of the Hall, with a dried-up fountain, an empty pool and the headless statue of an unknown goddess.

He was a distant figure, remote from the world, a disturbing personality. He was loved but disliked; he could not be ignored. He had rebuilt or resurrected an old record player and he played his music very loud indeed and in the middle of the night. At last William appointed himself representative of the decent citizens, walked to Rodger’s room with his axe and tried to chop the record player to bits.

William was unsuccessful. Roger brought the remains of his machine to my room where there was another broken-down machine for music and we managed somehow to marry them, to create out of the two dying record players one that was alive. Union or rebirth, a new source of music. I remember that we played Procol Harum, "A whiter Shade of Pale", and the beauty of this music was like the phoenix out of the ashes. This unexpected rebirth, this healing, this music where there had not been the possibility of music was a constant theme of my time in London.

George

George would shout all day and all night; he would scream at the top of his voice; he would shriek and wail, giving voice to several persons in a semblance of conversation until he was hoarse. What was happening inside him that was so overwhelming in its power that it manifested probably only a fraction of its experienced intensity in such a frenzy? Where he got his energy no one knew; how he survived his early years of suffering so great that it was almost unendurable to live with him no one knew. He was the central figure of the community for at least five years; he posed the most difficult question to the existential philosophy of madness. Can this extraordinary person, chronic schizophreic, manic-depressive psychotic, whatever he is, continue to exist? Can we accept him? Can we allow him to work out his destiny in his own extraordinary way?

George had been a computer specialist, had lived in a Marxist Catholic commune and had found he could no longer do work that was used in military applications. He had ended up in a mental hospital, and then became and early resident of Kingsley Hall. He lived in a manic frenzy, racing through the building screaming up one set of stairs and down the other. The day I met him he was sitting in the upstairs kitchen at the Hall with a bucket to one side and in front of him a table with a box of three by five cards. He was in an intense state of creativity, absorbed in the work of writing a sort of poetry in printed capitals on the cards and arranging them in the filing box. He was disturbed in this concentrated effort of creation by a nausea so severe that every few minutes he vomited into the bucket at his side. The experience of meeting someone in this state was one of the wonders of my first days at Kingsley Hall.

I paid a minimum of attention to George that day; he was self-absorbed. But several days later, the day I formally moved into the house, the day I met Laing and the others, Good Friday of 1970, I could not ignore him. George was unusually excited that day presumably because it was a special occasion and there were visitors. During dinner it became necessary for one or another of us to take turns sitting on George or to put a hand over his mouth in order to stop the endless and intolerable flow of yelling. George did not mind this restraint by his dinner companions; in fact it was done with a remarkable degree of humor. He was pleased because Ronnie, whom he loved very much was there. Ronnie danced with him.

But I was upset to see George being manhandled; I felt that if he wanted to talk someone should be willing to listen. I did not like to see him gagged. So I impetuously invited George to come with me to another part of the house. I would prefer to forgo the party in order to listen to what he might have to say. But what a surprising experience I had. George and I proceeded to another room at the top of the house, where I hoped a conversation between us would come about. As we reached the room we achieved a closer contact, a greater intimacy that I had expected. He abruptly and gently attached himself with his teeth to my cheek and remained attached to me for some seconds. He did not bite me; he caused me little pain; but he greeted, welcomed, and acknowledged me in a way that took me completely by surprise and emptied my mind of any thought save the consciousness of being for some seconds irremovably attached to another person. Then with a decisiveness equal to that with which he had sunk his teeth into my cheek, he let go. He left me bewildered and almost enlightened, with a bleeding nose and broken glasses and he ran away from me down the stairs along the hallway back to the group from which I had thought it better to remove him. And he was calling and calling: "Ronnie…Ronnie…Ronnie…"

George and I were the only two residents of Kingsley Hall who moved directly to the new community at Archway. We lived in different households about a mile apart so I was not too deeply involved in his suffering at first. But George did not have in his house the space he was accustomed to. He was a person who needed to express himself and to move around. So the activity which had taken place within the large structure of the Hall now took place partly on the streets of Islington and partly within the confines of the smaller houses which made up the new community. This was a misfortune. George’s energy could barely be endured by the other residents; there was not enough room for it. And when he took his frenzy outside he presented an extraordinary spectacle to the neighbors and was in frequent danger of being arrested.

I can see and hear him now, walking rapidly carrying a collection of electronic bits, string, wood, or sometimes the derelict remains of a television set, a man who looked both emaciated and physically powerful. At the same time wearing blue jeans tied with a cord, a tee-shirt or an old coat and shoes without socks or laces. He was always active; if he was not pacing the streets he was picking things up or putting things down or putting one things on top of another. He was never silent; whether he was inside the house or outside walking he surrounded himself with or trailed behind himself a flow of speech. He seemed a focal center of sound more than a man, shouting not to the skies but from the skies as he hurried through Islington, sometimes followed by children who were irresistibly attracted to him, and who shouted back. A conversation between sky and earth.

He was arrested several times and taken to mental hospital; it seemed to us that this was usually by his own choice. He could have avoided trouble with the police if he really wanted to. But on the other hand his arrests tended to occur when the tension between himself and other residents was at its greatest, when we had expressed our difficulty with his behavior. I remember one such event with particular vividness because I was centrally involved. The people at his house had finally decided that they could stand him no longer, that if he stayed a number of the other residents would leave and that household would not be able to continue as it had. There was a major crisis; the existence of the community as a whole was threatened. We finally decided that George could move from the one household into the other, into the one where I lived. He was to take the room next to mine. I remember that in the process of his moving his assorted gear the oscilloscope blew-up and started emitting a white smoke with a curious odor.

George had been upset before; he was upset by his rejection and the forced move; and when he finally tried to settle into his new home it was impossible. He was moving into and out of the house through the front door, sometimes carrying bits of his possessions, in a very angry and disturbing state. He had an altercation with a building worker on the street. No blows were then exchanged but when I went out to persuade him back into the house he began to hit me, again and again and always on the same place on the solar plexus. I could not control him: it was suggested to me later that I could have stopped him by holding his wrists but this did not occur to me.

Eventually the police arrived. Our relations with them were surprisingly good; perhaps they appreciated the service we were providing of community-based care as an alternative to hospitalization. The police knew George well indeed and knew that he was a resident of one of our households but the neighbors were disturbed by his violent appearance. One of the officers therefore told me that if I could keep George in the house and off of the streets there was no problem. But I was alone and I was unsuccessful. He went back outdoors and let the police take him. In his rage and pain and despair he made it clear to us that we had failed him, that if we did not want him he did not want us and that he preferred the relative acceptance of the official psychiatric institution.

So George was taken to the local bin, the Friern Barnet, a large mental hospital where he was given injections of a powerful tranquilizing drug in order to control his behavior. This happened several times and each time he was asking us whether we would make the effort to get him back. And each time we made the effort, agreeing amongst ourselves that we would try once more to live with him if he would try to live with us. So after varying lengths of time George would return from the hospital calmer from the medication and fatter from the hospital food. I think he knew that we would take him back, although he seemed perfectly willing to remain in the hospital if that should be the way things turned out. In fact some of us wondered whether he found life there preferable to life with the nervousness and tension at the community. We wondered whether it was only because his wants were taken care of and he was given a certain degree of security in the institution. For we realized over time that he found the supposedly saner residents at the community to be difficult, objectionable, and self-righteous in their behavior. Perhaps he sometimes felt we just were not worth bothering with.

But he always came back to us. He became our secret source of strength. Others stayed for a while and the left, following their paths that led elsewhere. The fate of others was to come and stay and then to go. The fate of George, his chosen destiny, was to remain as the pivot or axis around which the whole life of the community revolved. Where he was there was the center. I remember visiting George one day at the house in the community where he lived. Kingsley Hall had been one unit, a solid monolith, a block of space within which people lived with limited space to move around, to meet and to separate. At Archway there was a difference. Not from design but because of the housing situation in Islington we invariably had between two and four smaller homes each of which developed a character of its own. This had the advantage that a resident could more easily be private or meet in a small group, that individuals who did not get along could be kept apart, and that people could visit.

I was feeling nervous that day and went over to the other house. I walked into the kitchen and found George standing there. So slowly did he raise his head and gave me his gentle gaze that my anxiety was gone and I was prepared for the humor in his eyes when he looked up at me. I sat down, others arrived and George went upstairs.

When he came back down someone looked at him and said in a tone of shock, "But George, your hands are shaking." And they were. He looked slowly down at his trembling hands, as if noticing them for the first time in his life and then as if they were pleased at the attention they quit their unseemly vibration and became still. George looked at them for a second or two longer and then back up at us, a grin on his face.George would spend hours or day in his room, his famous room filled with an unimaginable clutter or array of his collected stuff and possessions. Books, pamphlets, papers, 3x5 cards written on in his cryptic printed handwriting. He wrote on the covers of books, front and back, on blank spaces inside the books; if he did not like what he had written he had a special white paste to paint over his words and obliterate them. He wrote on the posters and papers he had stuck to the walls. He wrote on the walls themselves. It was a room filled with words, a dense interweave, the large print of the epigrams on the walls would catch one’s eye first, then the writing on the papers and the books, and finally one might discover hidden in a book a 3x5 card covered with a list of logical fortran propositions or of references to the ancient gods. George was given the job of naming the household cats and like to name them after divinities. One he called Ishtar for the forgotten Sumerian goddess from the Gilgamesh epic. One he similarly called Marouk.

Under and around the books and papers was another level of George’s collections or creations, this one electronic. He had a reputation as a repairman for electrical machines, which I thought for years derived only from the mass of broken down televisions and radios and the scatter of electronic parts in his room and from the fact that he had been a computer specialist in early years. I thought the reputation was undeserved. For he did not appear to do any repairs to the objects that were brought to his room. But one day it occurred to me to offer to pay him to fix the transformer and wiring from my tape recorder, a difficult electrical and mechanical task, and he did an excellent job. He was capable.

Then George would descend the stairs, sometimes calmly, sometimes in a frenzy of talk and activity. He wrote on the walls of the kitchen or the common room, his face strained and red, his hair flying and his beard afluss, dressed sometimes only in his underwear with a towel wrapped around his waist. Sometimes he would be dreadfully upset, shouting or muttering to himself, jumping onto a char to write on the wall near the ceiling, running through the rooms or up and down the stairs, unable to sit down, unable to eat or drink.

One day when I was visiting I decided to give George a yoga lesson, to persuade him to relax his body and calm his breathing. I could have served him better perhaps by giving him a massage or a hug. But I thought to teach him some yoga. I wanted him to stand and breathe, to sit and breathe or to lie down and breathe. But he would not stop talking, much though I insisted. And while I was demonstrating a forward bend and he continued to talk something astonishing happened. I was sitting on the floor bending my upper body forward, trying to show him the pose, when he sat on my back on exactly the right place to allow me to breathe and stretch further and further. He who I thought knew next to nothing about yoga was showing himself the perfect yoga teacher, doing exactly as my teacher would do in one of the classes I had found so useful. I changed my attitude entirely. No longer did I tell him to stop talking; no longer did I try to demonstrate the poses so that he could imitate me. Now as I realized that he knew enough to help me to stretch I felt that I should imitate and learn from him.

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 © 2002 David Burns
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For further information please contact
Brent Potter

 

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